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    Working principle of Pumpjack

    During the operation of the pump, the piston is an active component that changes the pressure inside the pump. The pump valve is a follower that only opens when the pressure below the valve ball is greater than the pressure above it, allowing liquid to flow upwards through the valve seat hole. Otherwise, the valve closes to prevent liquid from flowing downwards.

    The upstroke pumping rod moves upward with the piston, and the swimming valve on the piston is closed by the weight of the valve ball and the pressure inside the pipe. The volume inside the pump (below the piston) increases and the pressure decreases. The fixed valve is opened under the pressure difference between the liquid column pressure (sinking pressure) in the annular space and the pressure inside the pump, allowing crude oil to enter the pump and liquid to be discharged from the wellhead.

    The down stroke pumping rod moves downward with the piston, the fixed valve closes, and the piston compresses the liquid in the pump, causing the pressure inside the pump to rise above the pressure above the piston. When the movable valve is pushed open, the liquid in the pump is discharged into the oil pipe above the piston. At the same time, due to the smooth rod entering the wellbore, a liquid equivalent to the volume of the smooth rod is squeezed out at the wellhead.