Petroleum Spirit

The spirit of petroleum is the spiritual wealth nurtured by the persistent struggle and dedication of the petroleum industry, and it is the driving force that motivates the petroleum people to fulfill their duties and overcome difficulties. All personnel of Shandong Wuersi have been learning the spirit of petroleum, striving to become Iron Man style employees, working side by side with the company, forging ahead, and exploring new prospects for the stable development of the company.

Classification of oil extraction pumps

Tubular pump

A tubular pump, also known as a tubing pump, is characterized by assembling the outer cylinder, liner, and suction valve on the ground and connecting them to the lower part of the tubing. It is first lowered into the well, and then the piston with a discharge valve is lowered into the pump through the tubing using a sucker rod.

The lining is processed into several sections from the material and inserted into the inner part of the outer cylinder. The piston is a hollow cylinder made of seamless steel pipe, with a smooth outer surface and circular grooves. Its function is to gather sand particles entering the gap between the piston and the liner in the grooves, preventing sand particles from wearing the piston and liner. The oil stored in the grooves also lubricates the surface of the piston.

When checking and starting the pump, in order to drain the oil in the oil pipe, a salvageable suction valve (fixed valve) can be used. By lowering the rod column, the buckle at the lower end of the piston can bite the salvaging head of the suction valve and lift it out. However, due to the suction valve fishing head occupying the internal space of the pump, this type of pump has a large anti impact distance and clearance volume, which is easily affected by gas and reduces pump efficiency. At present, most wells with tubular pumps are equipped with oil drains at the bottom of the tubing, which are opened to remove oil from the tubing. In a well with a large pump, due to the diameter of the piston being larger than the inner diameter of the oil pipe, it cannot be inserted through the oil pipe. The method used is to first lower the piston into the well with the oil pipe, and then lower the pumping rod string. A device called a disconnect device is used to connect with the piston in the pump.

The tubular pump has a simple structure, low cost, and allows for a larger pump diameter to be lowered under the same oil pipe diameter compared to the rod pump, resulting in a larger displacement. However, when inspecting the pump, the tubing must be removed and the workload of well repair is large, so it is suitable for wells with low pump depth and high production.

Rod pump

Rod type oil well pump, also known as an insertion pump, is characterized by a fixed top fixed rod pump with inner and outer working barrels. The upper end of the outer working barrel is equipped with a vertebral seat and a clamp spring (the position of the clamp spring is the depth of the lower pump). When the pump is lowered, the outer working barrel is first lowered into the well along with the oil pipe, and then the inner working barrel with a liner and piston is connected to the lower end of the sucker rod and inserted into the outer working barrel, which is fixed by the clamp spring. In addition, there are fixed bottom fixed rod pumps with fixed points at the bottom of the pump barrel, as well as movable bottom fixed rod pumps that fix the piston at the bottom and drive the pump barrel to reciprocate up and down by the pumping rod.

When inspecting the pump, it is not necessary to pull out the oil pipe, but to pull out the inner working cylinder through the oil rod. Rod pump inspection is convenient, but the structure is complex and the manufacturing cost is high. The pump diameter allowed to be lowered under the same oil pipe diameter is smaller than that of tube pump, making it suitable for oil wells with larger pump depth and smaller production capacity.

At present, conventional oil well pumps have the disadvantages of high processing requirements for metal pistons and bushings, inconvenient manufacturing, and easy wear and tear.

Main Characteristics of Drill Pipe

Drill pipe is a steel pipe with threaded threads at the end, used to connect the surface equipment of the drilling rig to the drilling and grinding equipment or bottom hole device located at the bottom of the drilling rig. The purpose of the drill pipe is to transport drilling mud to the drill bit and raise, lower, or rotate the bottom hole device together with the drill bit. The drill pipe must be able to withstand significant internal and external pressure, twisting, bending, and vibration. In the process of oil and gas extraction and extraction, drill pipes can be used multiple times.

Light pipes and raw steel pipes are made into drill pipes after multiple processing steps. Firstly, through the steel pipe thickening process, the surface of the smooth pipe faces inward bending, and the steel pipe wall is thickened. Next, perform thread machining and coat with copper that can increase strength. Then conduct non-destructive quality control inspection, followed by welding of steel pipe body joints. Afterwards, the pipe undergoes welding heat treatment and final welding treatment to eliminate residual welding pressure. Before repainting and packaging the finished drill pipe, other tests should be conducted on the steel pipe, including hardness testing, pressure testing, and non-destructive testing.

The length of the drill pipe is generally around nine meters.

The purpose of the circulation joint

A circulating joint is a specialized joint used to connect the drill pipe with the casing during or after casing operation, and to circulate drilling fluid. According to needs, it can be divided into drill pipe thread circulation joints, casing thread circulation joints, and union thread circulation joints. The upper part of the casing circulation joint is the thread of the drill pipe joint, which is used to connect the drill pipe or connect the pipeline with a union joint. The lower part is processed with API casing partial trapezoidal thread (or API casing long round buckle/short round buckle) to connect the casing coupling.

The purpose and use of cementing plugs

Usage: Cementing rubber plugs have functions such as isolating cement slurry, cleaning the casing wall, and preventing cement slurry pollution. After the rubber plug collides with the floating collar, it can accurately indicate the replacement position of cement slurry and the sealing performance of the casing.

The upper and lower rubber plugs are generally used in sets. The upper rubber plug separates the upper cement slurry from the mud to prevent contamination of the cement slurry, while replacing the cement slurry into the annulus.

Usage: Before injecting cement, first put in the lower rubber plug, pump and scrape to clean the wellbore wall, which is used to separate the lower cement slurry from the mud to prevent contamination of the cement slurry. After collision, due to the hollow nature of the lower rubber plug, the pressure is suppressed by 2-4 MPa, which breaks the rubber film and provides a channel for the cement slurry to establish circulation. Then, inject cement, insert the upper rubber plug, pump and bump, and the cementing is completed.

The Foundation and Advantages of Dongying in Expanding and Strengthening the Petroleum Equipment Manufacturing Industry

​Shandong Province's petroleum equipment sales revenue has ranked first in the country for two consecutive years, with over 80% of the petroleum equipment manufacturing industry concentrated in Dongying. In 2010, there were more than 50 petroleum equipment enterprises with sales revenue exceeding 100 million yuan in Dongying, and more than 20 enterprises with sales revenue exceeding 500 million yuan. At present, the total output value of Dongying's petroleum equipment has accounted for about one-third of the country's total output value. The leading product, the land oil rig, accounts for 26% of the domestic market, the pumping unit accounts for 60%, the special oil pipe accounts for 30%, the oil (electric) pump accounts for 50%, the sucker rod accounts for 25%, the gas generator set accounts for 80%, and the special oil vehicle accounts for 30%. Drilling rigs, pipes, and oil extraction equipment are exported in large quantities to Central Asia and Eastern Europe, while oil pipes are exported in large quantities to Western countries such as the United States and Canada.